Controversy and consideration of gallbladder adenomyomatosis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

The detection rate of gallbladder adenomyomatosis has gradually increased, but the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis is low. Most doctors tend to expand the operation indications because they are worried about the carcinogenesis. But there are still great controversies on the key issues such as whether it is cancerous, operation indications and how to follow up for non-surgical patients. This article will review these key issues.

Diagnosis and treatment strategies of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in elderly patients / 中华消化外科杂志

Pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN) is characterized by cystic degeneration with a low incidence. With the development of imaging technology and the popularization of screening, the detection rate of this disease has been increasing in recent years, especially in the elderly population. Due to the multiple subtypes of PCN, difficult differential diagnosis, and the potential risk of malig-nant transformation, the formulation of reasonable diagnosis and treatment strategy is the key to treat PCN. Although many clinical guidelines have been released, the diagnosis and treatment strategies of PCN are still controversial. Elderly patients are generally weak, some with serious comorbidities, and have poor tolerance to surgery. In the process of diagnosis and treatment, clinicians need to pay special attention, carefully evaluate and weigh the advantages and disadvantages, so as to make the best plan for treatment. Based on the current guidelines and clinical experience, the authors summarize the diagnosis, surgical indications, and the whole-course management strategies of elderly patients with PCN, in order to provide suggestions for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Outcomes and post-discharge follow-up of neonatal tracheotomy in NICU / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To study the outcomes and post-discharge follow-up of neonatal tracheotomy in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).Methods:This study included patients who were admitted to NICU in Beijing Children′s Hospital from January, 2016 to August, 2021, and less than 28 days or 44 weeks(corrected age)on admission, and required tracheotomy.The patients were divided into tracheotomy group and the non-tracheotomy group (the parents signed to refuse the tracheotomy) according to whether perform tracheotomy.Demographic data, general hospitalization information, diagnosis, indications for tracheotomy, follow-up outcomes at 3/6/12 months of age after discharge of patients were collected and analyzed.Results:Totally 26 patients were included in this study, 14 cases in tracheotomy group and 12 cases in non-tracheotomy group.The average gestational age was(37.7±3.80)weeks and(38.99±1.83)weeks, and birth weight was(2 823.57±948.89)g and (3 320.83±378.76)g, respectively.There were no significant differences in sex, gestational age, birth weight, age on admission, weight on admission, age at diagnosis, ratio of endotracheal intubation for respiratory support on admission between two groups( P>0.05). The commonest indications of tracheotomy group were bilateral vocal cord paralysis(50.0%) and congenital anomaly/defect of throat/larynx(21.4%), and the commonest indications of non-tracheotomy group were bilateral vocal cord paralysis(50.0%) and vocal cord/subglottic mass(25.0%), and there was no significant difference between two groups( P>0.05). The rate of discharge-against-medical order of tracheotomy and non-tracheotomy group was 7.14% and 66.67%( P=0.003), respectively.The total follow-up rate of tracheotomy and non-tracheotomy group was 88.9% and 38.9%, while the follow-up rates at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months were 100.0% vs. 50.0%, 83.3% vs. 41.7%, and 81.8% vs. 25.0%, respectively, whose differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). In the 14 cases of tracheotomy group, 3 cases died, 4 cases successfully removed the tracheal cannula, 5 cases did not remove the tracheal cannula, and 2 cases were lost. Conclusion:Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is the commonest indication of neonatal tracheotomy.Parents′ compliance in the tracheotomy group is significantly higher than that in non-tracheotomy group.To give caring skill training for parents of neonates with tracheotomy before discharge is beneficial for improving the overall prognosis of children.

Diagnosis and treatment of abdominal rectus diastasis / 中华消化外科杂志

Abdominal rectus diastasis is common in postpartum women and obese people, with clinical manifestations of midline abdominal bulge and lower back pain. Severe cases may affect the function of abdominal wall muscle groups, which cause a series of physiological dysfunction. There are few studies on the diagnosis and optimal management of abdominal rectus diastasis, especially on its surgical indications, and no uniform conclusion is achieved. The authors comprehensively analyze the research progress at home and abroad, exploring the etiology, diagnosis, treatment options and surgical indications of abdominal rectus diastasis, in order to provide references for clinical practice.

Comparison of pregnancy outcomes after transvaginal cervical cerclage for different surgical indications during pregnancy / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze and compare the clinical effects of transvaginal cervical cerclage during pregnancy with different surgical indications.METHODS: A total of 39 patients who underwent transvaginal cervical cerclage during pregnancy in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University from July 2012 to June 2018 were enrolled.The patients were grouped according to the indications of surgery:those with the history of late abortion or preterm labor being the indication of surgery were the indication of the history of the cerclage group（group H,20）,and those with the length of the cervix being shortened or the shape of the cervix being changed in vaginal ultrasound indication cerclage group（group U,20）.The patients whose hysical examination revealed dilated cervix with or without amniocentesis were included as emergency cerclage group（group E,7）.The clinical effects of vaginal cervical cerclage during pregnancy were compared among the 3 groups.RESULTS: The gestational week of cerclage in the H group[（15.64 ± 2.96）w] was shorter than that in the U group[（22.04±5.01）w]and the E group[（22.08±2.96）w],and the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）.The extended days[（29.43±47.24）d],gestational age of delivery[（26.39±6.52）w],full-term birth rate（14.29%）and live birth rate（28.57%）in group E were all lower than those in group H[（136.45±53.70）d,（35.60±7.07）w,69.57%,86.36%]and group U[（103.40±36.15）d,（36.81±3.45）w,70.00%,100.00% ],with statistically significant differences（P0.05）.The abortion rate（71.42%）in group E was higher than that in group H（13.04%）and group U（00.00%）（P0.05）.There was no significant difference in preterm birth rate among the three groups（P>0.05）.CONCLUSION: Cervical cerclage with three different surgical indications can effectively improve the pregnancy outcome of patients with cervical insufficiency.The pregnancy outcomes are similar between the indication of the history of the cerclage and the vaginal ultrasound indication cerclage,but better than the emergency cerclage.

Thoughts on some questions in the diagnose and treatment for gallbladder carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy in biliary tract.Early dissemination,rapid and silent progression and delayed diagnose could portend a dismal prognosis.The 5-year survival rate is less than 10％.Clarifying the etiological feature can improve the early diagnosis.Comprehending surgical indications of benign lesions can provide the methods for rational prophylactic resections.Standardized treatment of accident gallbladder carcinoma could improve the patients' prognosis.Efficient serologic markers could be used for early diagnosis and screening.

Tratamiento actual para el divertículo de Zenker / Current treatment of Zenker´s diverticulum

Introducción: la cirugía es el tratamiento de elección para los divertículos de Zenker, pero existen diferencias en relación con el acceso a utilizar: abierto o endoscópico. Objetivo: comparar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrico del divertículo de Zenker de acuerdo con el acceso utilizado. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en PubMed/Medline con las palabras: divertículo, Zenker, faringoesofágico, cricofaríngeo, diverticulectomía, diverticulopexia, diverticulotomía, diverticulostomía publicados entre 2006 y 2016. Se incluyeron estudios con más de 40 casos, comparativos o no, en los idiomas inglés, español, portugués, francés e italiano. Las variables estudiadas fueron: indicaciones quirúrgicas, recidiva del divertículo, tiempo quirúrgico, tiempo para la alimentación oral, estadía hospitalaria, reoperaciones, complicaciones, mejoría de los síntomas y mortalidad. Resultados: no se encontraron ensayos aleatrorizados. Se incluyeron cuatro revisiones sistemáticas y un metanálisis, además de un grupo de estudios que comparan los accesos peroral y transcervical y otros que comparan los resultados entre diferentes técnicas de los accesos endoscópico y convencional. La mayoría de los estudios son de carácter retrospectivo.Para evaluar los resultados a largo plazo se tomaron los artículos con seguimiento mayor de 12 meses. Conclusiones: con el acceso abierto se logran mejores resultados a largo plazo, pero tiene más complicaciones inmediatas. Es preferible usarlo en pacientes jóvenes y cuando existen condiciones anatómicas desfavorables para la endoscopia. El tratamiento endoscópico constituye una opción adecuada para pacientes de alto riesgo quirúrgico y anestésico(AU)

Introduction: Surgery is the treatment of choice in Zenker´s diverticula, but there are different opinions about the access to be used, that is, open or endoscopic. Objective: To compare the results of the surgical treatment results of Zenker´s diverticulum according to the access employed. Methods: A literature review was made in PubMed/Medline using the keywords: diverticulum, Zenker, pharyngoesophageal, crycopharyngeal, diverticulectomy, diverticulopexy, diverticulotomy, diverticulostomy in articles published from 2006 to 2016. There were included several studies of more than 40 cases, either comparative or not in English, Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese languages. The studied variables were surgical indications, recurrence, surgical time, length of time for oral feeding, hospital stay, reoperations, complications, symptoms improvement and mortality. Results: Randomized studies were not found. Four systematic reviews, one meta-analysis, comparative studies on perioral and transcervical access and others which compare the results of the endoscopic and of the conventional access were all included. Most of them were retrospective. For evaluation of long-term results, those articles with follow-up periods over 12 months were taken. Conclusions: The open access provides better long-term results, but it has more immediate complications. It is advisable to use it in young patients and when anatomic conditions are unfavorable for the endoscopic treatment. Finally, the endoscopic treatment is an adequate choice for patients with high surgical and anesthetic risk(AU)

Advances in diagnosis and operative treatment of scapular fractures strategy / 中国综合临床

Objective Due to the anatomy of the scapula itself is exceptional,fracture is often associated with other damage.So it is particularly important to evaluate the patients,physical examination,as well as the choice of surgical approach during perioperative period.By studing of the relevant literatures,this article reviewed the anatomy and classification of the shoulder blades,patient assessment,surgical indications and approaches,as well as the functional exercise.

Recent advances in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases / 中华消化外科杂志

Liver metastasis is the leading cause of death from colorectal cancer (CRC).Multidisciplinary team model has become standard strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM),making individualized treatment through precise staging and molecular typing.Preoperative hepatic and regional arterial infusion chemotherapy and portal vein chemotherapy during surgery can reduce the incidence of liver metastases for stage Ⅲ CRC.Surgical resection of CRLM has been accepted by all scholars,and can be performed by minimally invasive surgery.The criteria for hepatic resection of CRLM have been extended including complete tumor resection,negative resection margin and adequate remnant liver volume.Simultaneous resections of primary tumor and liver metastases are safe and feasible.However,neoadjuvant chemotherapy is still controversial.For unresectable liver metastases,conversion therapy should be implemented to make the liver metastases become resectable.For unconvertible and unresectable CRLM,aggressive and comprehensive treatment is required to control the disease progression.

A Papillary Fibroelastoma in the Left Ventricle / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 75-year old woman in whom a left ventricular tumor had been detected by echocardiography 2 years before referral to our hospital, presented with blurry vison for one month. Acute cerebral infarction was diagnosed. We suspected that the infarction was occurred by an embolus from the intraventricular tumor, and resected it through left atrial incision. The resected tumor was 10 mm in size and it resembled a sea anemone. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as papillary fibroelastoma. The postoperative course was good, with no recurrence for the last 18 months.

Diagnosis and management of severe acute biliary pancreatitis / 中华消化外科杂志

Severe acute biliary pancreatitis can be treated by nonsurgical and surgical approaches,and choice of the surgical techniques as well as its timing are the keys points to the whole therapy.Early enteral nutrition via placing nasointestinal feeding tube plays an important role in the nutritional support for patients with severe acute pancreatitis.This paper intends to explore the experience in standardizing the therapy for all similar cases via reviewing and summarizing the treating process of a typical patient with severe acute biliary pancreatitis.